{"id":5158,"date":"2021-07-17T04:19:38","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T01:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/?p=5158"},"modified":"2021-07-17T04:19:41","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T01:19:41","slug":"tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/","title":{"rendered":"Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda Neler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Devletler, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki egemenlik haklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131lama faaliyetlerini i\u00e7 hukuk sistemleri uyar\u0131nca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Globalle\u015fmenin ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 insan hareketlili\u011finin artmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak, bir \u00fclkede verilen mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi s\u0131k\u00e7a do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, bu iki dava t\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir fark oldu\u011funu incelemek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede verilmi\u015f bir mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk Mahkemeleri nezdinde kesin delil ya da kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak kabul edilmesi amac\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan davalara tan\u0131ma davas\u0131 denir. Tan\u0131ma davas\u0131 sonucu verilen h\u00fck\u00fcmler icra edilir nitelikte de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tenfiz davas\u0131 ise yine yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede verilen ve fakat icra edilir nitelikte h\u00fck\u00fcmler ihtiva eden mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrk Mahkemeleri\u2019nce tan\u0131narak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131 talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan bir dava t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna g\u00f6re tenfiz davas\u0131nda ama\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de icra edilebilir k\u0131lmak iken, tan\u0131ma davas\u0131nda ilgili yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131na kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve kesin delil niteli\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m. Ama\u00e7 yaln\u0131zca yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olan bo\u015fanman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaksa tan\u0131ma davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak yeterli olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan velayet, tazminat, nafaka gibi icra edilmesi gereken unsurlar\u0131n da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ge\u00e7erli k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 isteniyorsa tenfiz davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay<\/a> 2. Hukuk Dairesi 2019\/757 E.  2019\/2198 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201cDava, bo\u015fanmadan sonra a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 maddi ve manevi tazminat ile i\u015ftirak ve yoksulluk nafakas\u0131 istemine ili\u015fkindir. Olayda bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilmi\u015f olup, bu karar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na veya tenfizine karar verilmedik\u00e7e bo\u015fanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 dava haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re\u2026\u201d<\/em> denilerek bu hususun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bo\u015fanman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tan\u0131ma davas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 halinde, taraflar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de resmi olarak halen evli olarak kabul edileceklerdir. Taraflar\u0131n 3. ki\u015filerle yeni bir evlilik yapmak istemeleri durumunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu kanunen m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fcm durumunda e\u015fler yasal olarak birbirlerinin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilecektir. Yani yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de evlilik kurumunun getirdi\u011fi t\u00fcm yasal sonu\u00e7lar do\u011fmaya devam edecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda G\u00f6revli ve Yetkili Mahkeme Neresidir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mahkemelerce verilmi\u015f kararlar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi, 5718 Say\u0131l\u0131 Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un (\u201cM\u00d6HUK\u201d) 50 ve 59. maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davalar\u0131nda Asliye Hukuk Mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir. Uygulamada bu davalar en \u00e7ok bo\u015fanma ilamlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bo\u015fanma ilam\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lacak davalarda g\u00f6revli mahkeme Aile Mahkemesi\u2019dir. Aile Mahkemesi\u2019nin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde yine Asliye Hukuk Mahkemeleri g\u00f6revli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davalar\u0131nda yetkili mahkeme ise M\u00d6HUK m.51\u2019de \u015fu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir: \u201cBu kararlar kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 tenfiz istenen ki\u015finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yerle\u015fim yeri, yoksa s\u00e2kin oldu\u011fu yer mahkemesinden, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerle\u015fim yeri veya s\u00e2kin oldu\u011fu bir yer mevcut de\u011filse Ankara, \u0130stanbul veya \u0130zmir mahkemelerinden birinden istenebilir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davas\u0131 A\u00e7arken Neler Gerekir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tan\u0131ma veya tenfiz talebinde bulunulan mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir karar olmas\u0131 gerekir. Hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmemi\u015f bir mahkeme karar\u0131 i\u00e7in tan\u0131ma veya tenfiz talep edilemez. Bu ba\u011flamda kesinle\u015fme \u015ferhi ya da onun yerine apostil \u015ferhi al\u0131nmak durumundad\u0131r. Apostil, bir belgenin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini tasdik eder ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde yasal olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belirtmek gerekir ki tan\u0131ma veya tenfiz talebinde bulunulan yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131 (m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc ve \u0131slak imzal\u0131 karar) mahkemeye sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu karar\u0131n yeminli terc\u00fcman taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye terc\u00fcme edilmesi ve terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015f n\u00fcshan\u0131n noter ya da konsolosluk taraf\u0131ndan tasdik edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her davada oldu\u011fu gibi bu davalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de belirli bir har\u00e7 \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Tan\u0131ma davalar\u0131nda maktu har\u00e7 \u00f6denmesi gerekirken tenfiz davalar\u0131nda, icra edilebilir bir karar oldu\u011fundan nispi har\u00e7 \u00f6denir. Maktu har\u00e7 sabit bir mebla\u011fd\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan nispi har\u00e7 davan\u0131n de\u011ferine g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kural olarak tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz davalar\u0131nda mahkemenin yabanc\u0131 mahkemece verilen karar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini inceleme yetkisi yoktur. Tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz karar\u0131 i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131 usul a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle tan\u0131ma ve tenfiz karar\u0131 verilmesi i\u00e7in kanunda aranan \u015fartlar\u0131n yerine getirilip getirilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca mahkeme, s\u00f6z konusu karar\u0131n kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair gerekli incelemeleri yapar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Devletler, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki egemenlik haklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131lama faaliyetlerini i\u00e7 hukuk sistemleri uyar\u0131nca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Globalle\u015fmenin ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 insan hareketlili\u011finin artmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak, bir \u00fclkede verilen mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi s\u0131k\u00e7a do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, bu iki dava […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceza-hukuku"],"yoast_head":"\nTan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda Neler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekir? - BG Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda Neler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekir? - BG Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Devletler, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki egemenlik haklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131lama faaliyetlerini i\u00e7 hukuk sistemleri uyar\u0131nca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Globalle\u015fmenin ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 insan hareketlili\u011finin artmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak, bir \u00fclkede verilen mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclkede tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi s\u0131k\u00e7a do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Yabanc\u0131 mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, bu iki dava […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BG Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-17T01:19:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-17T01:19:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Irtikap-Sucu-Cezasi-ve-Nitelikli-Halleri.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"806\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"452\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"bghukukburosu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"bghukukburosu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"bghukukburosu\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5770231079a809eb35b9d54cd2f64b68\"},\"headline\":\"Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda Neler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekir?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-17T01:19:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-17T01:19:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/\"},\"wordCount\":942,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ceza Hukuku\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bghukukburosu.com\/tanima-ve-tenfiz-davalarinda-neler-yapilmasi-gerekir\/\",\"name\":\"Tan\u0131ma ve Tenfiz Davalar\u0131nda Neler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekir? 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